Abstract
Background. No comprehensive instrument has been developed for the functional classification of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which may cause confusion among therapists due to the wide variety of symptoms, each requiring distinct therapeutic approaches. Proper classification of symptoms can facilitate personalized interventions. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive tool for functional assessment in children with ASD.
Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 4 phases. First, scientific databases were searched to identify existing instruments. Second, an appropriate tool was selected and translated into Persian, and its items were revised according to the objectives of the study. Third, a panel of experts evaluated content validity using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Finally, feasibility and reliability were assessed using the Kappa coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha. Test–retest reliability was evaluated by 20 raters completing the instrument twice with a two-week interval, and Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated.
Results. Based on the CVR analysis, 50 items were retained with values above 0.62, all achieving CVI scores above 0.80. The inter-rater agreement exceeded 0.79, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.95, indicating excellent reliability. Test–retest correlations were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion. The developed 50-item instrument demonstrates strong content validity, reliability, and feasibility for therapist-based functional assessment of 2-5-year-old children with ASD.
Practical Implications. This questionnaire can be effectively used in clinical settings for multidimensional functional evaluation of children with ASD.